'Sqlmap使用手册(未完成)'

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为了更好的学习sqlmap，尝试看官方文档并翻译官方文档。由于对网络方面的单词不熟悉而且英文水平有限，所以翻译并不准确。

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Usage: python sqlmap.py [options]

Options:
  -h, --help            Show basic help message and exit
  -hh                   Show advanced help message and exit
  --version             Show program's version number and exit
  -v VERBOSE            Verbosity level: 0-6 (default 1)

  Target:
    At least one of these options has to be provided to define the
    target(s)

    -d DIRECT           Connection string for direct database connection
    -u URL, --url=URL   Target URL (e.g. "http://www.site.com/vuln.php?id=1")
    -l LOGFILE          Parse target(s) from Burp or WebScarab proxy log file
    -x SITEMAPURL       Parse target(s) from remote sitemap(.xml) file
    -m BULKFILE         Scan multiple targets given in a textual file
    -r REQUESTFILE      Load HTTP request from a file
    -g GOOGLEDORK       Process Google dork results as target URLs
    -c CONFIGFILE       Load options from a configuration INI file

  Request:
    These options can be used to specify how to connect to the target URL

    --method=METHOD     Force usage of given HTTP method (e.g. PUT)
    --data=DATA         Data string to be sent through POST (e.g. "id=1")
    --param-del=PARA..  Character used for splitting parameter values (e.g. &)
    --cookie=COOKIE     HTTP Cookie header value (e.g. "PHPSESSID=a8d127e..")
    --cookie-del=COO..  Character used for splitting cookie values (e.g. ;)
    --load-cookies=L..  File containing cookies in Netscape/wget format
    --drop-set-cookie   Ignore Set-Cookie header from response
    --user-agent=AGENT  HTTP User-Agent header value
    --random-agent      Use randomly selected HTTP User-Agent header value
    --host=HOST         HTTP Host header value
    --referer=REFERER   HTTP Referer header value
    -H HEADER, --hea..  Extra header (e.g. "X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1")
    --headers=HEADERS   Extra headers (e.g. "Accept-Language: fr\nETag: 123")
    --auth-type=AUTH..  HTTP authentication type (Basic, Digest, NTLM or PKI)
    --auth-cred=AUTH..  HTTP authentication credentials (name:password)
    --auth-file=AUTH..  HTTP authentication PEM cert/private key file
    --ignore-code=IG..  Ignore (problematic) HTTP error code (e.g. 401)
    --ignore-proxy      Ignore system default proxy settings
    --ignore-redirects  Ignore redirection attempts
    --ignore-timeouts   Ignore connection timeouts
    --proxy=PROXY       Use a proxy to connect to the target URL
    --proxy-cred=PRO..  Proxy authentication credentials (name:password)
    --proxy-file=PRO..  Load proxy list from a file
    --tor               Use Tor anonymity network
    --tor-port=TORPORT  Set Tor proxy port other than default
    --tor-type=TORTYPE  Set Tor proxy type (HTTP, SOCKS4 or SOCKS5 (default))
    --check-tor         Check to see if Tor is used properly
    --delay=DELAY       Delay in seconds between each HTTP request
    --timeout=TIMEOUT   Seconds to wait before timeout connection (default 30)
    --retries=RETRIES   Retries when the connection timeouts (default 3)
    --randomize=RPARAM  Randomly change value for given parameter(s)
    --safe-url=SAFEURL  URL address to visit frequently during testing
    --safe-post=SAFE..  POST data to send to a safe URL
    --safe-req=SAFER..  Load safe HTTP request from a file
    --safe-freq=SAFE..  Test requests between two visits to a given safe URL
    --skip-urlencode    Skip URL encoding of payload data
    --csrf-token=CSR..  Parameter used to hold anti-CSRF token
    --csrf-url=CSRFURL  URL address to visit for extraction of anti-CSRF token
    --force-ssl         Force usage of SSL/HTTPS
    --hpp               Use HTTP parameter pollution method
    --eval=EVALCODE     Evaluate provided Python code before the request (e.g.
                        "import hashlib;id2=hashlib.md5(id).hexdigest()")

  Optimization:
    These options can be used to optimize the performance of sqlmap

    -o                  Turn on all optimization switches
    --predict-output    Predict common queries output
    --keep-alive        Use persistent HTTP(s) connections
    --null-connection   Retrieve page length without actual HTTP response body
    --threads=THREADS   Max number of concurrent HTTP(s) requests (default 1)

  Injection:
    These options can be used to specify which parameters to test for,
    provide custom injection payloads and optional tampering scripts

    -p TESTPARAMETER    Testable parameter(s)
    --skip=SKIP         Skip testing for given parameter(s)
    --skip-static       Skip testing parameters that not appear to be dynamic
    --param-exclude=..  Regexp to exclude parameters from testing (e.g. "ses")
    --dbms=DBMS         Force back-end DBMS to provided value
    --dbms-cred=DBMS..  DBMS authentication credentials (user:password)
    --os=OS             Force back-end DBMS operating system to provided value
    --invalid-bignum    Use big numbers for invalidating values
    --invalid-logical   Use logical operations for invalidating values
    --invalid-string    Use random strings for invalidating values
    --no-cast           Turn off payload casting mechanism
    --no-escape         Turn off string escaping mechanism
    --prefix=PREFIX     Injection payload prefix string
    --suffix=SUFFIX     Injection payload suffix string
    --tamper=TAMPER     Use given script(s) for tampering injection data

  Detection:
    These options can be used to customize the detection phase

    --level=LEVEL       Level of tests to perform (1-5, default 1)
    --risk=RISK         Risk of tests to perform (1-3, default 1)
    --string=STRING     String to match when query is evaluated to True
    --not-string=NOT..  String to match when query is evaluated to False
    --regexp=REGEXP     Regexp to match when query is evaluated to True
    --code=CODE         HTTP code to match when query is evaluated to True
    --text-only         Compare pages based only on the textual content
    --titles            Compare pages based only on their titles

  Techniques:
    These options can be used to tweak testing of specific SQL injection
    techniques

    --technique=TECH    SQL injection techniques to use (default "BEUSTQ")
    --time-sec=TIMESEC  Seconds to delay the DBMS response (default 5)
    --union-cols=UCOLS  Range of columns to test for UNION query SQL injection
    --union-char=UCHAR  Character to use for bruteforcing number of columns
    --union-from=UFROM  Table to use in FROM part of UNION query SQL injection
    --dns-domain=DNS..  Domain name used for DNS exfiltration attack
    --second-url=SEC..  Resulting page URL searched for second-order response
    --second-req=SEC..  Load second-order HTTP request from file

  Fingerprint:
    -f, --fingerprint   Perform an extensive DBMS version fingerprint

  Enumeration:
    These options can be used to enumerate the back-end database
    management system information, structure and data contained in the
    tables. Moreover you can run your own SQL statements

    -a, --all           Retrieve everything
    -b, --banner        Retrieve DBMS banner
    --current-user      Retrieve DBMS current user
    --current-db        Retrieve DBMS current database
    --hostname          Retrieve DBMS server hostname
    --is-dba            Detect if the DBMS current user is DBA
    --users             Enumerate DBMS users
    --passwords         Enumerate DBMS users password hashes
    --privileges        Enumerate DBMS users privileges
    --roles             Enumerate DBMS users roles
    --dbs               Enumerate DBMS databases
    --tables            Enumerate DBMS database tables
    --columns           Enumerate DBMS database table columns
    --schema            Enumerate DBMS schema
    --count             Retrieve number of entries for table(s)
    --dump              Dump DBMS database table entries
    --dump-all          Dump all DBMS databases tables entries
    --search            Search column(s), table(s) and/or database name(s)
    --comments          Check for DBMS comments during enumeration
    -D DB               DBMS database to enumerate
    -T TBL              DBMS database table(s) to enumerate
    -C COL              DBMS database table column(s) to enumerate
    -X EXCLUDE          DBMS database identifier(s) to not enumerate
    -U USER             DBMS user to enumerate
    --exclude-sysdbs    Exclude DBMS system databases when enumerating tables
    --pivot-column=P..  Pivot column name
    --where=DUMPWHERE   Use WHERE condition while table dumping
    --start=LIMITSTART  First dump table entry to retrieve
    --stop=LIMITSTOP    Last dump table entry to retrieve
    --first=FIRSTCHAR   First query output word character to retrieve
    --last=LASTCHAR     Last query output word character to retrieve
    --sql-query=QUERY   SQL statement to be executed
    --sql-shell         Prompt for an interactive SQL shell
    --sql-file=SQLFILE  Execute SQL statements from given file(s)

  Brute force:
    These options can be used to run brute force checks

    --common-tables     Check existence of common tables
    --common-columns    Check existence of common columns

  User-defined function injection:
    These options can be used to create custom user-defined functions

    --udf-inject        Inject custom user-defined functions
    --shared-lib=SHLIB  Local path of the shared library

  File system access:
    These options can be used to access the back-end database management
    system underlying file system

    --file-read=FILE..  Read a file from the back-end DBMS file system
    --file-write=FIL..  Write a local file on the back-end DBMS file system
    --file-dest=FILE..  Back-end DBMS absolute filepath to write to

  Operating system access:
    These options can be used to access the back-end database management
    system underlying operating system

    --os-cmd=OSCMD      Execute an operating system command
    --os-shell          Prompt for an interactive operating system shell
    --os-pwn            Prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
    --os-smbrelay       One click prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
    --os-bof            Stored procedure buffer overflow exploitation
    --priv-esc          Database process user privilege escalation
    --msf-path=MSFPATH  Local path where Metasploit Framework is installed
    --tmp-path=TMPPATH  Remote absolute path of temporary files directory

  Windows registry access:
    These options can be used to access the back-end database management
    system Windows registry

    --reg-read          Read a Windows registry key value
    --reg-add           Write a Windows registry key value data
    --reg-del           Delete a Windows registry key value
    --reg-key=REGKEY    Windows registry key
    --reg-value=REGVAL  Windows registry key value
    --reg-data=REGDATA  Windows registry key value data
    --reg-type=REGTYPE  Windows registry key value type

  General:
    These options can be used to set some general working parameters

    -s SESSIONFILE      Load session from a stored (.sqlite) file
    -t TRAFFICFILE      Log all HTTP traffic into a textual file
    --batch             Never ask for user input, use the default behavior
    --binary-fields=..  Result fields having binary values (e.g. "digest")
    --check-internet    Check Internet connection before assessing the target
    --crawl=CRAWLDEPTH  Crawl the website starting from the target URL
    --crawl-exclude=..  Regexp to exclude pages from crawling (e.g. "logout")
    --csv-del=CSVDEL    Delimiting character used in CSV output (default ",")
    --charset=CHARSET   Blind SQL injection charset (e.g. "0123456789abcdef")
    --dump-format=DU..  Format of dumped data (CSV (default), HTML or SQLITE)
    --encoding=ENCOD..  Character encoding used for data retrieval (e.g. GBK)
    --eta               Display for each output the estimated time of arrival
    --flush-session     Flush session files for current target
    --forms             Parse and test forms on target URL
    --fresh-queries     Ignore query results stored in session file
    --har=HARFILE       Log all HTTP traffic into a HAR file
    --hex               Use hex conversion during data retrieval
    --output-dir=OUT..  Custom output directory path
    --parse-errors      Parse and display DBMS error messages from responses
    --preprocess=PRE..  Use given script(s) for preprocessing of response data
    --repair            Redump entries having unknown character marker (?)
    --save=SAVECONFIG   Save options to a configuration INI file
    --scope=SCOPE       Regexp to filter targets from provided proxy log
    --test-filter=TE..  Select tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. ROW)
    --test-skip=TEST..  Skip tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. BENCHMARK)
    --update            Update sqlmap

  Miscellaneous:
    -z MNEMONICS        Use short mnemonics (e.g. "flu,bat,ban,tec=EU")
    --alert=ALERT       Run host OS command(s) when SQL injection is found
    --answers=ANSWERS   Set predefined answers (e.g. "quit=N,follow=N")
    --beep              Beep on question and/or when SQL injection is found
    --cleanup           Clean up the DBMS from sqlmap specific UDF and tables
    --dependencies      Check for missing (optional) sqlmap dependencies
    --disable-coloring  Disable console output coloring
    --gpage=GOOGLEPAGE  Use Google dork results from specified page number
    --identify-waf      Make a thorough testing for a WAF/IPS protection
    --list-tampers      Display list of available tamper scripts
    --mobile            Imitate smartphone through HTTP User-Agent header
    --offline           Work in offline mode (only use session data)
    --purge             Safely remove all content from sqlmap data directory
    --skip-waf          Skip heuristic detection of WAF/IPS protection
    --smart             Conduct thorough tests only if positive heuristic(s)
    --sqlmap-shell      Prompt for an interactive sqlmap shell
    --tmp-dir=TMPDIR    Local directory for storing temporary files
    --web-root=WEBROOT  Web server document root directory (e.g. "/var/www")
    --wizard            Simple wizard interface for beginner users

Output verbosity

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-v

通过这个参数来设置输出文本的可见度。共有7个可见度等级，默认等级为1，在这个等级下，information,warning,error,critical messages and python tracebacks会被显示出来。

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0、只显示python错误以及严重的信息。
1、同时显示基本信息和警告信息。（默认）
2、同时显示debug信息。
3、同时显示注入的payload。
4、同时显示HTTP请求。
5、同时显示HTTP响应头。
6、同时显示HTTP响应页面。

想理解sqlmap在后台做了些什么，等级2比较合适；
想看到payload构造，等级3是最好的选择，如果你需要向开发者反馈潜在漏洞，同样推荐等级3，配合-t来保存日志文件；
想要进一步查找潜在的bug或意想不到的行为，推荐等级4或更高等级；
使用-v可以代替-v 2，-vv代替-v 3，-vvv代替-v 4，以此类推。

Target

直接连接数据库

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-d

使用sqlmap连接一个数据库，需要下面2种格式的连接字符串。

  • DBMS://USER:PASSWORD@DBMS_IP:DBMS_PORT/DATABASE_NAME (MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, etc.)
  • DBMS://DATABASE_FILEPATH (SQLite, Microsoft Access, Firebird, etc.)

For example:

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$ python sqlmap.py -d "mysql://admin:admin@192.168.21.17:3306/testdb" -f --banner --dbs --users

指定目标URL

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-u
--url

使用sqlmap测试目标URL，需要下面格式的URL

http(s)://targeturl[:port]/[...]

For example:

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$ python sqlmap.py -u http://www.target.com/vuln.php?id=1" -f --banner --dbs --users

从Burp或WebScarab的代理日志中获取目标

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-l

从Burp proxy和Web Scarab proxy的代理日志文件中解析出可能的攻击目标，参数后跟日志文件路径

从站点地图文件中获取目标

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-x

为便于搜索引擎收录，许多网站专门为搜索引擎生成了xml格式的站点地图。Sqlmap可以直接解析xml格式的站点地图，从中提取攻击目标，对一个网站全方位无死角地进行注入检测。

For example:

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$ python sqlmap.py -x http://www.target.com/sitemap.xml

从文本文件中获取目标

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-m

将多个目标URL写在一个文本文件中，sqlmap会按顺序扫描每个URL。

For example:

将待测URL写在urls.txt中，格式如下

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www.target1.com/vuln1.php?q=foobar
www.target2.com/vuln2.asp?id=1
www.target3.com/vuln3/id/1*

运行sqlmap

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$ python sqlmap.py -m urls.txt

从文本文件中加载HTTP请求

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-r

从文本文件中加载原始HTTP请求，这种方式可以让你跳过输入一些参数，如设置cookie，post数据等。
可以使用BurpSuite抓包并保存HTTP请求文件

HTTP请求文件格式

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POST /vuln.php HTTP/1.1
Host: www.target.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0

id=1

sqlmap支持HTTPS，可以在命令后加上--force-ssl强制使用SSL连接到443/tcp端口。也可以在Host头后加上:443来使用HTTPS。

将Google搜索结果作为目标

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-g

sqlmap获取google搜索的前100个结果，对其中有GET参数的URL进行测试并询问是否测试每一个URL。

For example:

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$ python sqlmap.py -g "inurl:\".php?id=1\""

从配置文件中载入目标

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-c

将攻击目标及各种参数写在配置文件中，sqlmap可以通过加载配置文件对目标进行测试。
在sqlmap的安装根目录下有sqlmap.conf文件，这是配置文件的模板，可以根据需求写入参数。

Request

HTTP 请求方式

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--method

sqlmap会自动检测正确的HTTP请求方式。然而，在一些情况下，需要使用不会自动识别的特殊HTTP请求方式，例如PUT，这时就需要指定请求方式。

For example:

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--method=PUT

HTTP POST数据

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--data

默认情况下，sqlmap使用GET，但你可以通过提供POST数据将请求方式改为POST。这些数据会被当做SQL注入测试的参数。

For example:

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$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://www.target.com/vuln.php" --data="id=1" -f --banner --dbs --users

指定参数分割符

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--param-del

有些情况下，默认参数分割符(e.g. GET和POST中的&)需要被指定为新的分割符来保证sqlmap可以正常差分并处理每个参数。

For example:

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$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://www.target.com/vuln.php" --data="query=foobar;id=\
1" --param-del=";" -f --banner --dbs --users

HTTPCookie

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--cookie
--cookie-del
--load-cookies
--drop-set-cookie

使用这些参数的2中情况：

  • 测试页面需要基于cookie的登录认证，并且你有这些数据
  • 想要测试cookie注入(当--level设置为2或更高时，sqlmap会检测cookie注入)

两种情况均需要使用sqlmap发送cookie，可以使用下方步骤发送cookie

  • 登录网页
  • 从浏览器中获取cookie
  • 将第二步获得cookie作为--cookie的值

注意，HTTP cookie中的值通常由;来分割，而不是&。sqlmap可以从GET和POST参数中，分辨出cookie并将其作为独立参数。为了防止分割符不是;可以通过–-cookie-del来设置分割符。

在后续的连接中，若HTTP响应头仍有Set-Cookie，sqlmap会自动使用之前设置的cookie，并测试这些值。可以通过--drop-set-cookie参数使sqlmap忽略Set-Cookie。

反之，如果你提供了一个HTTPCookie头，并且使用了--cookie，而且目标URL每次都发送HTTP Set-Cookie，这时，sqlmap会询问你要为HTTP请求使用哪组cookie。

可以使用--load-cookies载入文件中包含的Netscape/wget格式的cookie。

参考

[1] sqlmap_Usage

[2] Sqlmap中文手册